Seafarers work in environments directly exposed to the impacts of climate and weather, making extreme temperatures and climate-related risks a growing concern. High temperatures in engine rooms or enclosed workspaces – all exacerbated by voyages in tropical regions – can lead to heat stress, dehydration and fatigue, while cold environments pose risks of hypothermia and reduced physical function. These conditions can impair concentration and increase the likelihood of accidents.
Climate change is intensifying these risks through more frequent and severe weather events, including storms, rough seas and unpredictable conditions. Seafarers may be required to continue operations under hazardous circumstances due to commercial pressures, increasing risks to their safety and wellbeing. The ITF Maritime HRDD Guidance emphasises that such risks are not incidental but must be addressed as part of companies’ duty of care.
Extreme weather also disrupts operations, leading to longer voyages, extended periods on board and increased workloads. In some cases, seafarers may be exposed to dangerous routes, including high-risk or conflict-affected areas, where additional protections are required.
These risks are compounded by structural factors such as inadequate ship design, insufficient rest periods and limited ability for seafarers to refuse unsafe work. Addressing climate-related risks requires integrating worker safety into operational planning and recognising the direct link between environmental conditions and human rights at sea.