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Exposure to hazardous substances and biological risks threatens both transport workers’ safety and health and the resilience of supply chains.

Workers operate in environments – including ports, terminals, warehouses, ships, airports and aircraft – where chemicals, fumes, fuels, dust and infectious

Fatigue is a systemic, safety-critical risk and one of the leading contributors to accidents in transport – killing and injuring workers, harming passengers and the public, and damaging vehicles, cargo and critical infrastructure. 

Fatigue-related incidents also expose companies to significant legal

Isolation and lone working are defining feature of many transport occupations, presenting significant physical and psychological risks for transport workers. 

Transport workers frequently perform their duties alone, or in remote or mobile environments, where access to immediate assistance or help

Commercial and contracting decisions at the top of the chain determine safety, working conditions and the risk of human and labour rights violations at the point of work – excessive working hours, wage theft and, in serious cases, human trafficking and forced labour. 

A rate that does not cover the

Warehouses are no longer long-term storage sites. They are fast-paced environments fundamental to global commerce, operating to meet the expectations of customers who want their products immediately – and the workers who keep them moving are too easily exploited, in work that is largely invisible to

Road transport is essential to global supply chains, but the sector faces ongoing human rights risks linked to its operating model. 

Commercial pressure, layered and fragmented contracting, deregulation and cross-border operations put these risks beyond the reach of audits. 

The widespread use of non

More than 80 percent of world trade is carried by sea. But shipping remains rife with human and labour rights risks and abuses: whether a company relies on bulk import or export, sourced raw materials or components, or container ships to distribute finished products, it must investigate how its

Fair wages, safe working conditions and decent living standards are the foundation of resilient transport supply chains. 

When grounded in freedom of association and collective bargaining, they drive improved job quality, workforce stability and operational reliability. 

Trade unions play a critical

Restrictions on freedom of association and collective bargaining are systemic risks across transport supply chains, that undermine every other human and labour right. 

Subcontracting, fragmented employment relationships and the widespread use of non-standard forms of employment in transport prevent