Maritime transport is defined by systemic factors that create significant human and labour rights risks.
The widespread use of Flags of Convenience – where ships are registered in countries other than that of their true ownership to reduce costs and regulatory oversight – undermines accountability and the effective enforcement of international standards. Seafarers operate internationally with limited oversight and regularly transit conflict zones and piracy-affected areas. Addressing these systemic risks is essential for effective HREDD.
Risks
Flags of Convenience
The Flag of Convenience (FOC) system is a core, structural driver of human and labour rights risk in maritime supply chains.
Conflict Zones
Operations in high-risk areas raise concerns around safety, coercion, and the right of seafarers to refuse dangerous work.
Abandonment
When shipowners fail to pay wages or provide food, fuel, or repatriation, seafarers can be left stranded far from home.
High Mobility Work
Voyages along global trade routes across multiple jurisdictions, climates and time zones.
Isolation and Lone Working
Isolation is matched by confinement, with seafarers working and living in their workplace, under the employer’s control.