Warehousing operations increasingly rely on digital technologies such as warehouse management systems, wearable devices, robotics and algorithmic performance monitoring. While these technologies can improve efficiency, they introduce new labour risks.
Algorithmic management systems track worker productivity in real time and assign tasks based on automated performance metrics. Workers are subject to constant surveillance through handheld devices, scanners and wearable sensors.
This technology intensifies work pace and reduces worker autonomy. Workers feel compelled to prioritise speed over safety to avoid penalties or disciplinary action, and the systems lack the transparency that enable workers to challenge unfair evaluations or disciplinary decisions. Fully automated decision-making removes any human point of contact with the power to put things right.
Surveillance extends beyond what any business rationale requires, and the data generated is workers' data – it would not exist without workers' interaction with people, tools, machines and vehicles – yet workers frequently cannot access what is held about them.
Automation also leads to job displacement and redesign. Workers are required to interact with automated systems without sufficient training or safety safeguards.
For more on new technology, see the Risks Across Transport guidance.