Mental health and psychosocial risks are widespread in maritime shipping and are closely linked to the systemic conditions of seafaring. Seafarers work in isolated, confined environments for extended periods, separated from family and support networks. This is combined with a non-caring work culture, long hours, fatigue, safety-critical responsibilities, inadequate training and the acute pressure of contract extensions or transiting war or conflict zones, contributing to stress, anxiety, depression and other mental health challenges.
Psychosocial risks are intensified by hierarchical work structures, job insecurity and fear of retaliation. Seafarers may be reluctant to report mental health concerns or unsafe conditions because of stigma or fear for future employment – and violence, harassment and discrimination add further psychological harm.
The ITF Seafarers' Trust and Yale University study of 1,572 seafarers found 25% reporting depression, 17% reporting anxiety, and 20% reporting suicidal ideation in the two weeks before the survey – highlighting the scale of the problem.
The Maritime Labour Convention recognises the importance of decent living and working conditions, including rest, communication and welfare, but these protections are frequently inadequate, particularly on FOC ships. Limited access to shore leave, poor onboard conditions and lack of connectivity can exacerbate isolation and distress.
Mental health risks are interconnected with other risks. Addressing them requires training for seafarers on mental health and wellbeing – work in which the ITF leads the industry