Warehouse work is increasingly shaped by complex supply chains, where subcontracting, precarious employment and lone working create distinct risks for workers. The ITF Warehousing Principles highlight that rapid growth in e-commerce and just-in-time delivery has driven widespread outsourcing and
Warehousing operations increasingly rely on digital technologies such as warehouse management systems, wearable devices, robotics and algorithmic performance monitoring. While these technologies can improve efficiency, they may also introduce new labour risks.
Algorithmic management systems track
Warehouse operations present a range of occupational safety and health (OSH) risks that are closely linked to subcontracting, precarious employment and lone working. The ITF Warehousing Principles highlight that fragmented contracting models can obscure responsibility for safety standards, leading
The risk
Access to sanitation facilities is a fundamental requirement for safe and dignified work. In warehouse environments, workers may face barriers to accessing toilets, drinking water or hygiene facilities due to strict productivity targets or limited facility availability.
Workers may be
Mental health and psychosocial risks are increasingly recognised as critical issues in road transport. The 2019 ILO Guidelines underline that the organisation of work in the sector—characterised by long hours, tight deadlines, high responsibility and economic pressure—can have significant impacts on
Ergonomic and design-related risks are a significant concern for road transport workers and are closely linked to long-term health, safety and job sustainability. The 2019 ILO Guidelines on the promotion of decent work and road safety highlight that poorly designed vehicles, equipment and work
Extreme weather and rising temperatures are a growing human rights risk for road transport, which directly affects drivers' rights to life, health and dignity. Severe physical exhaustion, dehydration and cognitive impairment resulting from extreme heat can significantly increase the risk of road
Cost-cutting and accelerated working practices are passed on from transport buyers to transport suppliers and ultimately to drivers, which can result in dangerous on-road behaviours that negatively impact the public at large.
Arranging and scheduling of work can have direct occupational safety and
The risk
Complex subcontracting chains in the sector can create significant human rights risks for truck drivers. These risks often stem from a 'race to the bottom' on costs and a lack of visibility in the fragmented and multi-tier subcontracting chains. As drivers are highly mobile and often work
Isolation and lone working are inherent in road transport and present significant safety, health and human rights risks for drivers. Truck drivers typically work alone for long periods, often in remote or unfamiliar environments, with limited access to immediate assistance in the event of accidents
