In warehousing and logistics, risks can arise through agency work, temporary contracts and outsourced operations, particularly workers are recruited through labour brokers, housed by employers or dependent on continued employment to maintain immigration or legal status. Excessive overtime, threats
Warehouse work presents a range of discrimination-related risks linked to subcontracting, precarious employment and fragmented supply chains. The ITF Warehousing Principles highlight that outsourced and agency-based models can create unequal treatment between workers performing similar roles
Warehouse workers may experience violence and harassment from supervisors, colleagues, security personnel or external actors such as delivery drivers or contractors. Women workers, migrant workers and young workers may face heightened risks.
Harassment may take many forms, including verbal abuse
Warehouse work is increasingly shaped by complex supply chains, where subcontracting, precarious employment and lone working create distinct risks for workers. The ITF Warehousing Principles highlight that rapid growth in e-commerce and just-in-time delivery has driven widespread outsourcing and
Warehousing operations increasingly rely on digital technologies such as warehouse management systems, wearable devices, robotics and algorithmic performance monitoring. While these technologies can improve efficiency, they may also introduce new labour risks.
Algorithmic management systems track
Warehouse operations present a range of occupational safety and health (OSH) risks that are closely linked to subcontracting, precarious employment and lone working. The ITF Warehousing Principles highlight that fragmented contracting models can obscure responsibility for safety standards, leading
The risk
Access to sanitation facilities is a fundamental requirement for safe and dignified work. In warehouse environments, workers may face barriers to accessing toilets, drinking water or hygiene facilities due to strict productivity targets or limited facility availability.
Workers may be
Mental health and psychosocial risks are increasingly recognised as critical issues in road transport. The 2019 ILO Guidelines underline that the organisation of work in the sector—characterised by long hours, tight deadlines, high responsibility and economic pressure—can have significant impacts on
Ergonomic and design-related risks are a significant concern for road transport workers and are closely linked to long-term health, safety and job sustainability. The 2019 ILO Guidelines on the promotion of decent work and road safety highlight that poorly designed vehicles, equipment and work
Extreme weather and rising temperatures are a growing human rights risk for road transport, which directly affects drivers' rights to life, health and dignity. Severe physical exhaustion, dehydration and cognitive impairment resulting from extreme heat can significantly increase the risk of road
