The rapid introduction of new technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), automation and alternative fuels, is transforming maritime shipping but also creating new and often under-recognised risks for seafarers. These risks arise when technological change is implemented without adequate safeguards, training or meaningful engagement with workers and their representatives.
AI and digital systems are increasingly used to monitor performance, optimise routes and manage operations. While these tools can improve efficiency, they may also intensify workloads, increase surveillance and reduce worker autonomy. Algorithmic management systems can impose unrealistic performance targets or decision-making processes without transparency or human oversight, contributing to fatigue, stress and unsafe working practices. Seafarers may have limited ability to challenge automated decisions or report concerns, particularly in hierarchical environments.
Automation and digitalisation can also lead to workforce reductions or changes in job roles, increasing workload and pressure on remaining crew. Where training is insufficient, seafarers may be required to operate new systems or technologies without adequate preparation, raising safety risks.
The transition to new fuels, such as LNG, ammonia or hydrogen, introduces additional occupational hazards. These fuels may involve higher risks of toxicity, flammability or explosion, requiring specialised handling, equipment and emergency procedures. Without proper training and regulation, exposure to these risks can have severe consequences for seafarers’ saftety and health.
These risks are compounded where commercial pressures prioritise rapid implementation over safety and where worker input is excluded. As such, technological change must be recognised as a key human rights and safety issue within maritime operations.